201. Which of the following is a function of the large intestine?
A) Absorption of nutrients
B) Absorption of water
C) Digestion of proteins
D) Production of bile
Answer: B) Absorption of water
Explanation: The large intestine absorbs water and electrolytes, forming solid feces from indigestible material.
202. What is the main function of the spleen?
A) Production of insulin
B) Storage of blood
C) Digestion of fats
D) Production of bile
Answer: B) Storage of blood
Explanation: The spleen filters blood, stores blood cells, and plays a role in immune defense.
203. Which organ produces bile?
A) Pancreas
B) Liver
C) Gallbladder
D) Stomach
Answer: B) Liver
Explanation: The liver produces bile, which is stored in the gallbladder and aids in fat digestion.
204. The process by which plants lose water vapor through their leaves is called:
A) Transpiration
B) Guttation
C) Respiration
D) Photosynthesis
Answer: A) Transpiration
Explanation: Transpiration is the loss of water vapor from plant leaves through stomata.
205. Which of the following is a function of the pancreas?
A) Production of insulin
B) Storage of glycogen
C) Filtration of blood
D) Production of bile
Answer: A) Production of insulin
Explanation: The pancreas produces insulin (hormone) and digestive enzymes.
206. The structure that connects bone to bone is called:
A) Tendon
B) Ligament
C) Cartilage
D) Muscle
Answer: B) Ligament
Explanation: Ligaments are fibrous tissues that connect bones at joints, providing stability.
207. Which of the following is a function of the urinary bladder?
A) Filtration of blood
B) Storage of urine
C) Production of urine
D) Absorption of nutrients
Answer: B) Storage of urine
Explanation: The urinary bladder stores urine until it is excreted from the body.
208. The part of the brain responsible for memory and learning is:
A) Cerebellum
B) Medulla oblongata
C) Cerebrum
D) Hypothalamus
Answer: C) Cerebrum
Explanation: The cerebrum is responsible for higher cognitive functions, including memory and learning.
209. Which of the following is a function of the ribosome?
A) Energy production
B) Protein synthesis
C) Lipid synthesis
D) DNA replication
Answer: B) Protein synthesis
Explanation: Ribosomes are the sites where proteins are synthesized from mRNA instructions.
210. The process by which plants make their own food using sunlight is called:
A) Respiration
B) Photosynthesis
C) Transpiration
D) Digestion
Answer: B) Photosynthesis
Explanation: Photosynthesis is the process by which plants convert light energy into chemical energy (glucose).
211. Which vitamin is synthesized in the skin in the presence of sunlight?
A) Vitamin A
B) Vitamin D
C) Vitamin E
D) Vitamin K
Answer: B) Vitamin D
Explanation: Vitamin D is synthesized in the skin when exposed to sunlight.
212. Which of the following is a function of the alveoli in the lungs?
A) Production of mucus
B) Exchange of gases
C) Filtration of blood
D) Production of sound
Answer: B) Exchange of gases
Explanation: Alveoli are tiny air sacs where oxygen and carbon dioxide are exchanged between the lungs and blood.
213. The process by which water moves across a semipermeable membrane is called:
A) Diffusion
B) Osmosis
C) Active transport
D) Facilitated diffusion
Answer: B) Osmosis
Explanation: Osmosis is the movement of water across a semipermeable membrane from low to high solute concentration.
214. Which of the following is a function of the nucleus?
A) Energy production
B) Genetic control and cell regulation
C) Protein synthesis
D) Waste removal
Answer: B) Genetic control and cell regulation
Explanation: The nucleus contains DNA and controls all cellular activities by regulating gene expression.
215. Which of the following is a function of the mitochondria?
A) Photosynthesis
B) Cellular respiration and ATP production
C) Protein synthesis
D) Lipid synthesis
Answer: B) Cellular respiration and ATP production
Explanation: Mitochondria are the sites of cellular respiration and ATP production.
216. The process by which cells engulf large particles is called:
A) Diffusion
B) Osmosis
C) Phagocytosis
D) Facilitated diffusion
Answer: C) Phagocytosis
Explanation: Phagocytosis is the process by which cells engulf large particles or microorganisms.
217. Which of the following is a function of the thyroid gland?
A) Regulation of calcium levels
B) Regulation of metabolism
C) Production of insulin
D) Production of adrenaline
Answer: B) Regulation of metabolism
Explanation: The thyroid gland produces hormones that regulate metabolism, growth, and development.
218. The process by which DNA is copied to RNA is called:
A) Replication
B) Transcription
C) Translation
D) Transduction
Answer: B) Transcription
Explanation: Transcription is the process by which the genetic information in DNA is copied into RNA.
219. Which of the following is a function of the Golgi apparatus?
A) Synthesizes proteins
B) Modifies, sorts, and packages proteins
C) Produces ATP
D) Breaks down cellular waste
Answer: B) Modifies, sorts, and packages proteins
Explanation: The Golgi apparatus modifies, sorts, and packages proteins for secretion or use within the cell.
220. The process by which RNA is used to make proteins is called:
A) Replication
B) Transcription
C) Translation
D) Transduction
Answer: C) Translation
Explanation: Translation is the process by which ribosomes use mRNA to synthesize proteins.
221. Which of the following is a function of the lysosome?
A) Energy production
B) Digestion of cellular waste
C) Protein synthesis
D) Lipid synthesis
Answer: B) Digestion of cellular waste
Explanation: Lysosomes contain digestive enzymes that break down cellular waste and foreign materials.
222. The process by which plants respond to light is called:
A) Phototropism
B) Geotropism
C) Thigmotropism
D) Hydrotropism
Answer: A) Phototropism
Explanation: Phototropism is the growth of a plant in response to light.
223. Which of the following is a function of the rough endoplasmic reticulum?
A) Lipid synthesis
B) Protein synthesis and modification
C) Detoxification
D) Energy production
Answer: B) Protein synthesis and modification
Explanation: The rough endoplasmic reticulum is studded with ribosomes and is involved in protein synthesis and modification.
224. The process by which plants respond to gravity is called:
A) Phototropism
B) Geotropism
C) Thigmotropism
D) Hydrotropism
Answer: B) Geotropism
Explanation: Geotropism is the growth of a plant in response to gravity.
225. Which of the following is a function of the smooth endoplasmic reticulum?
A) Protein synthesis
B) Lipid synthesis and detoxification
C) Energy production
D) Waste removal
Answer: B) Lipid synthesis and detoxification
Explanation: The smooth endoplasmic reticulum synthesizes lipids and detoxifies drugs and poisons.
226. The process by which plants respond to touch is called:
A) Phototropism
B) Geotropism
C) Thigmotropism
D) Hydrotropism
Answer: C) Thigmotropism
Explanation: Thigmotropism is the growth of a plant in response to touch.
227. Which of the following is a function of the chloroplast?
A) Cellular respiration
B) Photosynthesis
C) Protein synthesis
D) Lipid synthesis
Answer: B) Photosynthesis
Explanation: Chloroplasts contain chlorophyll and are the sites of photosynthesis in plant cells.
228. The process by which plants respond to water is called:
A) Phototropism
B) Geotropism
C) Thigmotropism
D) Hydrotropism
Answer: D) Hydrotropism
Explanation: Hydrotropism is the growth of a plant in response to water.
229. Which of the following is a function of the vacuole in plant cells?
A) Protein synthesis
B) Storage and maintaining turgidity
C) Energy production
D) Waste removal
Answer: B) Storage and maintaining turgidity
Explanation: Vacuoles store nutrients and waste, and help maintain cell turgidity in plant cells.
230. The process by which plants respond to chemicals is called:
A) Chemotropism
B) Phototropism
C) Geotropism
D) Thigmotropism
Answer: A) Chemotropism
Explanation: Chemotropism is the growth of a plant in response to chemicals.
231. Which of the following is a function of the cytoskeleton?
A) Cell movement
B) Structural support
C) Intracellular transport
D) All of the above
Answer: D) All of the above
Explanation: The cytoskeleton provides structural support, enables cell movement, and facilitates intracellular transport.
232. The process by which plants respond to temperature is called:
A) Thermotropism
B) Phototropism
C) Geotropism
D) Thigmotropism
Answer: A) Thermotropism
Explanation: Thermotropism is the growth of a plant in response to temperature.
233. Which of the following is a function of the nucleolus?
A) DNA replication
B) Ribosome synthesis
C) ATP production
D) Lipid synthesis
Answer: B) Ribosome synthesis
Explanation: The nucleolus is involved in ribosome synthesis.
234. The process by which plants respond to oxygen is called:
A) Oxytropism
B) Phototropism
C) Geotropism
D) Thigmotropism
Answer: A) Oxytropism
Explanation: Oxytropism is the growth of a plant in response to oxygen.
235. Which of the following is a function of the plasma membrane?
A) Energy production
B) Regulates entry and exit of substances
C) Protein synthesis
D) Waste removal
Answer: B) Regulates entry and exit of substances
Explanation: The plasma membrane regulates the movement of substances in and out of the cell.
236. The process by which plants respond to carbon dioxide is called:
A) Chemotropism
B) Capnotropism
C) Geotropism
D) Phototropism
Answer: B) Capnotropism
Explanation: Capnotropism is the growth of a plant in response to carbon dioxide.
237. Which of the following is a function of the peroxisome?
A) Energy production
B) Digestion of cellular waste
C) Breakdown of hydrogen peroxide
D) Protein synthesis
Answer: C) Breakdown of hydrogen peroxide
Explanation: Peroxisomes contain enzymes like catalase that break down hydrogen peroxide.
238. The process by which plants respond to injury is called:
A) Traumatropism
B) Phototropism
C) Geotropism
D) Thigmotropism
Answer: A) Traumatropism
Explanation: Traumatropism is the growth of a plant in response to injury.
239. Which of the following is a function of the centriole in animal cells?
A) Protein synthesis
B) Cell division (forms spindle fibers)
C) Energy production
D) Waste removal
Answer: B) Cell division (forms spindle fibers)
Explanation: Centrioles help organize spindle fibers during cell division in animal cells.
240. The process by which plants respond to mechanical stress is called:
A) Seismonasty
B) Phototropism
C) Geotropism
D) Thigmotropism
Answer: A) Seismonasty
Explanation: Seismonasty is the response of plants to mechanical stress, such as touch or vibration.