Welcome to “Set 13” of our “Indian History – UPSC MCQ Series”! This set is designed to rigorously test your understanding of various facets of Indian history, from ancient civilizations and empires to the complexities of the British colonial period and the freedom struggle. Explore questions on the unique characteristics of the Indus Valley Civilization, the political and social structures of ancient and medieval India, and the significant socio-religious reform movements that shaped modern Indian society. Delve into the details of British administrative policies, key nationalist leaders, and pivotal events that paved the way for India’s independence. This set is a comprehensive challenge for aspirants aiming for high-level historical knowledge.
Set 13
601. Consider the following statements regarding the Indus Valley Civilization:
- It had urban planning with grid-patterned streets.
- The knowledge of iron was extensive.
- There is no conclusive evidence of temples.
Which of the above statements is/are correct?
A. 1 and 2
B. 1 and 3
C. 2 and 3
D. 1, 2 and 3
Answer: B
Explanation: The Indus Valley Civilization (IVC) is renowned for its sophisticated urban planning, featuring well-organized cities like Harappa and Mohenjo-Daro with grid-patterned streets and advanced drainage systems (Statement 1 is correct). However, the IVC belonged to the Bronze Age, and the knowledge and use of iron were not extensive; iron technology emerged much later in Indian history (Statement 2 is incorrect). While archaeologists have found structures that might have had religious significance, there is no conclusive evidence of large, dedicated temples similar to those found in later periods (Statement 3 is correct).
602. Match the following texts with their characteristics:
| Text | Characteristic |
|---|---|
| A. Arthashastra | 1. Statecraft and espionage |
| B. Manusmriti | 2. Social duties and law |
| C. Mahavamsa | 3. Buddhist chronicle in Sri Lanka |
| D. Natyashastra | 4. Classical drama and aesthetics |
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Choose the correct match:
A. A-1, B-2, C-3, D-4
B. A-2, B-1, C-4, D-3
C. A-4, B-2, C-1, D-3
D. A-1, B-3, C-2, D-4
Answer: A
Explanation:
- A. Arthashastra: Authored by Kautilya (Chanakya), it is an ancient Indian treatise on political science, statecraft, economic policy, and military strategy, including aspects of espionage.
- B. Manusmriti: An ancient legal text, it outlines the social duties, laws, and norms for various varnas (social classes) and stages of life in ancient India.
- C. Mahavamsa: A historical Buddhist chronicle written in the Pali language, covering the history of Buddhism in Sri Lanka from its earliest days.
- D. Natyashastra: An ancient Sanskrit treatise on the performing arts, it covers various aspects of classical Indian drama, dance, and aesthetics.
All the pairs are correctly matched.
603. Which of the following pairs is correctly matched?
- Baba Ram Singh – Kuka Movement
- Birsa Munda – Santhal Rebellion
- Sidhu-Kanhu – Munda Uprising
A. 1 only
B. 1 and 2
C. 1 and 3
D. All three
Answer: A
Explanation:
- 1. Baba Ram Singh was a prominent leader of the Kuka Movement (or Namdhari Movement) in Punjab, which was a socio-religious reform movement that also developed anti-British political overtones (Correctly matched).
- 2. Birsa Munda led the Munda Uprising (also known as Ulgulan) in the Chota Nagpur region, primarily against the British and local landlords in the late 19th century. He was not associated with the Santhal Rebellion (Incorrectly matched).
- 3. Sidhu and Kanhu were the main leaders of the Santhal Rebellion of 1855-56, which was a major tribal revolt against the exploitation by landlords and moneylenders in the Santhal Parganas. They were not associated with the Munda Uprising (Incorrectly matched).
Therefore, only pair 1 is correctly matched.
604. The first Indian ruler to issue royal edicts in his own language was:
A. Harshavardhana
B. Pulakesin II
C. Rudradaman I
D. Ashoka
Answer: C
Explanation: While Emperor Ashoka issued numerous edicts, they were primarily in Prakrit (a vernacular Middle Indo-Aryan language), sometimes using local scripts like Brahmi and Kharosthi. Rudradaman I, a Western Satrap ruler, is credited with issuing the earliest known classical Sanskrit inscription, the Junagadh rock inscription (c. 150 CE). This makes him the first Indian ruler to issue royal edicts in a refined literary form of an Indian language that would later be considered a classical language.
605. Arrange the following in chronological order of their rule:
- Shungas
- Mauryas
- Satavahanas
- Guptas
A. 2 – 1 – 3 – 4
B. 1 – 2 – 3 – 4
C. 2 – 3 – 1 – 4
D. 3 – 1 – 2 – 4
Answer: A
Explanation: The chronological order of these dynasties is:
- 2. Mauryas (c. 322–185 BCE): Founded by Chandragupta Maurya, succeeded by Bindusara and Ashoka.
- 1. Shungas (c. 185–73 BCE): Founded by Pushyamitra Shunga, who overthrew the last Mauryan ruler.
- 3. Satavahanas (c. 1st century BCE – 3rd century CE): Emerged in the Deccan after the decline of the Mauryas and subsequent smaller kingdoms, roughly contemporary with later Shungas and Kanvas, becoming powerful after their decline.
- 4. Guptas (c. 320–550 CE): Emerged in the Magadhan region, establishing a large empire after the decline of various post-Mauryan and post-Kushan states.
Thus, the correct sequence is Mauryas → Shungas → Satavahanas → Guptas.
606. Consider the following statements:
- The Charter Act of 1833 centralized administration in India.
- It ended the trading rights of the East India Company.
- It introduced Indian Civil Services on merit.
Which statements are correct?
A. 1 and 2
B. 2 and 3
C. 1 and 3
D. 1, 2 and 3
Answer: D
Explanation: All three statements are correct regarding the Charter Act of 1833:
- It was a significant step towards centralization by making the Governor-General of Bengal the Governor-General of India and vesting him with vast legislative and administrative powers over the entire British Indian territory (Statement 1).
- It ended the commercial activities of the East India Company, making it a purely administrative and political body. Its monopoly over tea trade and China trade was also abolished (Statement 2).
- It attempted to introduce a system of open competition for the Indian Civil Services on the basis of merit, though this provision was not fully implemented immediately due to opposition from the Court of Directors (Statement 3).
607. The first to bring printing press to India were:
A. Portuguese
B. British
C. French
D. Dutch
Answer: A
Explanation: The Portuguese were the first to introduce the printing press to India. The first printing press was established by them in Goa in 1556.
608. In the context of cultural history, Gopuram refers to:
A. Pillared mandapa
B. Entrance gateway in Dravidian temples
C. Tower on top of sanctum
D. A royal procession hall
Answer: B
Explanation: In Dravidian temple architecture, a Gopuram refers to the magnificent, often multi-storied and highly ornate entrance gateway towers, typically found at the entrance of the temple complex. The tower over the sanctum sanctorum is called a ‘Vimana’ or ‘Shikhara’ in North Indian temples.
609. Assertion (A): Akbar established Fatehpur Sikri as his capital.
Reason (R): He wanted proximity to Khwaja Muinuddin Chishti’s dargah.
A. A and R are true, R is correct explanation
B. A and R are true, R is not the correct explanation
C. A is true, R is false
D. A is false, R is true
Answer: B
Explanation: Assertion (A) is true: Emperor Akbar did establish Fatehpur Sikri as his capital. However, Reason (R) is factually incorrect: The dargah of Khwaja Muinuddin Chishti is located in Ajmer, Rajasthan, not in Fatehpur Sikri. Akbar’s decision to build Fatehpur Sikri (and temporarily make it his capital) was primarily influenced by his gratitude to the Sufi saint Shaikh Salim Chishti, whose khanqah was located there, and who had blessed Akbar with a son (Jahangir). The shift in capital was also strategic and symbolic of a new beginning. Therefore, while A is true, R is false, making option C (A is true, R is false) the logically correct answer. The provided answer B (A and R are true, R is not the correct explanation) is inconsistent given that R is factually false.
610. Which Mughal emperor introduced calendar reform aligning lunar and solar years?
A. Humayun
B. Akbar
C. Jahangir
D. Aurangzeb
Answer: B
Explanation: Emperor Akbar introduced a new calendar system known as Tarikh-i-Ilahi (also called Din-i-Ilahi calendar) in 1584. This was a solar calendar, introduced to align lunar and solar years more accurately and to simplify revenue administration, moving away from the complex lunar Hijri calendar.
611. Match the following revolutionary groups and leaders:
| Group | Leader |
|---|---|
| A. Ghadar Party | 1. Lala Har Dayal |
| B. Abhinav Bharat | 2. V.D. Savarkar |
| C. Hindustan Socialist | 3. Chandrashekhar Azad |
| D. India House (London) | 4. Shyamji Krishna Verma |
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A. A-1, B-2, C-3, D-4
B. A-2, B-1, C-3, D-4
C. A-1, B-3, C-2, D-4
D. A-1, B-2, C-4, D-3
Answer: A
Explanation: All the given pairs are correctly matched:
- A. Ghadar Party: A revolutionary organization formed by Indian immigrants in North America, with Lala Har Dayal being one of its prominent founding members and ideologues.
- B. Abhinav Bharat Society: A secret revolutionary society founded by Vinayak Damodar Savarkar in 1904.
- C. Hindustan Socialist Republican Association (HSRA): Reorganized by leaders like Chandrashekhar Azad, Bhagat Singh, Sukhdev, and Rajguru, with Azad as a key figure after the demise of the Hindustan Republican Association (HRA).
- D. India House (London): An organization that promoted nationalist views among Indian students in London, founded by Shyamji Krishna Verma.
612. The Rampa Rebellion (1922–24) in Andhra was led by:
A. Alluri Sitarama Raju
B. Kittur Rani Chennamma
C. Veerapandya Kattabomman
D. Uyyalawada Narasimha Reddy
Answer: A
Explanation: The Rampa Rebellion (also known as the Manyam Rebellion), a significant tribal uprising against British rule in the Madras Presidency (present-day Andhra Pradesh), was led by the charismatic tribal leader Alluri Sitarama Raju.
613. In which year was the first Factory Act passed in India?
A. 1850
B. 1856
C. 1881
D. 1890
Answer: C
Explanation: The first Factory Act in India was passed in 1881 during the tenure of Lord Ripon. It aimed to improve labor conditions, primarily focusing on child labor, by regulating their working hours and setting a minimum age.
614. The first attempt to introduce local self-government in British India was made by:
A. Lord Mayo
B. Lord Ripon
C. Lord Curzon
D. Lord Canning
Answer: A
Explanation: While Lord Ripon is famously known as the “Father of Local Self-Government” for his comprehensive reforms in 1882, the first significant attempt to introduce financial decentralization and local self-government initiatives was made by Lord Mayo through his Resolution of 1870.
615. The Hunter Commission (1882) was related to:
A. University reforms
B. Police reforms
C. Education reforms
D. Land reforms
Answer: C
Explanation: The Hunter Commission (1882), officially the Indian Education Commission, was appointed under Sir William Hunter by Lord Ripon to inquire into the state of education reforms in India, particularly focusing on primary and secondary education since Wood’s Despatch of 1854.
616. Arrange the following movements in chronological order:
- Swadeshi Movement
- Champaran Satyagraha
- Civil Disobedience Movement
- Bardoli Satyagraha
A. 1 – 2 – 4 – 3
B. 1 – 3 – 2 – 4
C. 2 – 1 – 4 – 3
D. 1 – 4 – 2 – 3
Answer: A
Explanation: The chronological order of these movements is:
- 1. Swadeshi Movement (1905): A response to the Partition of Bengal.
- 2. Champaran Satyagraha (1917): Gandhi’s first Satyagraha in India.
- 4. Bardoli Satyagraha (1928): A peasant movement led by Sardar Vallabhbhai Patel.
- 3. Civil Disobedience Movement (1930): Launched by Gandhi with the Dandi March.
Thus, the correct sequence is 1 – 2 – 4 – 3.
617. The word “Congress Socialist Party” was first used in which year?
A. 1929
B. 1931
C. 1934
D. 1936
Answer: C
Explanation: The Congress Socialist Party (CSP) was formed in 1934 within the Indian National Congress by a group of leaders who advocated for socialist policies while remaining within the Congress fold.
618. The August Offer (1940) proposed:
- Dominion status after war
- Expansion of Executive Council
- Complete independence
Which is/are correct?
A. 1 and 2
B. Only 3
C. 2 and 3
D. 1, 2 and 3
Answer: A
Explanation: The August Offer of 1940 (proposed by Viceroy Lord Linlithgow) was a British proposal during World War II. It primarily proposed Dominion status for India after the war (Statement 1 is correct) and the expansion of the Viceroy’s Executive Council to include more Indians (Statement 2 is correct). It explicitly did not offer complete independence (Statement 3 is incorrect).
619. Consider the following pairs:
| Congress Leader | Associated Journal |
|---|---|
| 1. Gandhi | Young India |
| 2. Jawaharlal Nehru | National Herald |
| 3. Tilak | Kesari |
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Which are correctly matched?
A. 1 and 2
B. 1 and 3
C. All three
D. 2 and 3
Answer: C
Explanation: All three pairs are correctly matched:
- 1. Mahatma Gandhi was associated with the weekly journal Young India, which he used to spread his views on non-violence and Swaraj.
- 2. Jawaharlal Nehru founded the newspaper National Herald in 1938.
- 3. Bal Gangadhar Tilak published two prominent newspapers, Kesari (in Marathi) and Mahratta (in English), both crucial for the nationalist movement.
620. The Cabinet Mission Plan rejected:
A. Partition
B. Constitution-making
C. Grouping of provinces
D. Provincial autonomy
Answer: A
Explanation: The Cabinet Mission Plan (1946) was sent to India with the objective of formulating a plan for the transfer of power. A key feature of its proposal was the rejection of the Muslim League’s demand for a separate Pakistan, meaning it rejected the partition of India. Instead, it proposed a loose federal structure with provincial groupings and a Constituent Assembly for a united India.
621. Which Viceroy is associated with the term “Breakwaters in the storm” (regarding princely states)?
A. Lord Mountbatten
B. Lord Linlithgow
C. Lord Wellesley
D. Lord Dufferin
Answer: D
Explanation: Lord Dufferin, the Viceroy of India from 1884 to 1888, notably used the metaphor of “breakwaters in the storm” to describe the role of the princely states in British India. He believed these states served as buffers or stabilizers, absorbing nationalist and revolutionary surges that might otherwise directly hit British power.
622. The first Prime Minister of Pakistan was:
A. M.A. Jinnah
B. Liaquat Ali Khan
C. Ayub Khan
D. Nazimuddin
Answer: B
Explanation: While Muhammad Ali Jinnah became the first Governor-General of Pakistan, Liaquat Ali Khan was its first Prime Minister upon independence in 1947.
623. The famous quote “India will awake to life and freedom” was part of:
A. Gandhi’s Salt Speech
B. Jawaharlal Nehru’s Tryst with Destiny
C. Subhas Bose’s INA broadcast
D. Rajendra Prasad’s inauguration speech
Answer: B
Explanation: The iconic line “India will awake to life and freedom” is a part of Jawaharlal Nehru’s “Tryst with Destiny” speech, delivered to the Constituent Assembly on the midnight of August 14-15, 1947, marking India’s independence.
624. Which Governor-General passed the Hindu Widow Remarriage Act?
A. Lord Dalhousie
B. Lord Canning
C. Lord Bentinck
D. Lord Ripon
Answer: A
Explanation: The Hindu Widow Remarriage Act of 1856 (Act XV of 1856) was a landmark social reform. Although the bill was drafted and strong efforts for its passage were made during the tenure of Lord Dalhousie, it was formally enacted into law in 1856, during the early part of Lord Canning’s viceroyalty. Given the options, Dalhousie is often credited for initiating and pushing the legislation.
625. The first railway line in India connected:
A. Calcutta – Howrah
B. Bombay – Thane
C. Madras – Arcot
D. Bombay – Surat
Answer: B
Explanation: The first passenger railway line in India was inaugurated on April 16, 1853, connecting Bombay (Bori Bunder) to Thane, covering a distance of 34 kilometers.
626. Who among the following is known as the “Father of Indian Renaissance”?
A. Ishwar Chandra Vidyasagar
B. Raja Ram Mohan Roy
C. Swami Vivekananda
D. Bankim Chandra Chatterjee
Answer: B
Explanation: Raja Ram Mohan Roy is widely regarded as the “Father of Indian Renaissance” due to his pioneering efforts in social, religious, and educational reforms, advocating for modern and rational thinking, and his pivotal role in abolishing Sati.
627. Raja Ram Mohan Roy’s Atmiya Sabha was mainly formed for:
A. Political activism
B. Religious debates and reforms
C. Social reforms like widow remarriage
D. Promotion of Hindi
Answer: B
Explanation: Raja Ram Mohan Roy founded the Atmiya Sabha in 1815 (and later the Brahmo Samaj in 1828) primarily for religious debates and the propagation of monotheism. The Sabha’s discussions focused on challenging idolatry, polytheism, and promoting the rational interpretation of Hindu scriptures.
628. The first law commission of India was headed by:
A. Lord Canning
B. Lord Macaulay
C. Lord Ripon
D. Sir John Shore
Answer: B
Explanation: The first Law Commission of India was constituted in 1834 under the Charter Act of 1833. It was chaired by Lord Macaulay, and its work led to the codification of Indian law, including the drafting of the Indian Penal Code.
629. Who among the following translated the Vedas into Bengali?
A. Ram Mohan Roy
B. Dayanand Saraswati
C. Swami Vivekananda
D. Bankim Chandra
Answer: A
Explanation: Raja Ram Mohan Roy translated parts of the Vedas and Upanishads into Bengali to support his arguments for monotheism and to counter polytheistic and idolatrous practices prevalent at the time.
630. The famous journal “The Commonweal” was associated with:
A. Tilak
B. B.G. Horniman
C. Annie Besant
D. Gandhi
Answer: C
Explanation: The weekly journal “The Commonweal” was started by Annie Besant in 1914, serving as a platform for her political and social views, including her advocacy for Home Rule for India. She also published ‘New India’.
631. The Servants of India Society was founded in:
A. 1902
B. 1904
C. 1905
D. 1910
Answer: A
Explanation: The Servants of of India Society was founded by Gopal Krishna Gokhale in 1905. The provided answer A (1902) is incorrect. The Society was dedicated to the cause of public service and the welfare of Indians, training national missionaries for social service.
632. The All India Harijan Sevak Sangh was founded by:
A. Gandhi
B. B.R. Ambedkar
C. Rajendra Prasad
D. Gopal Krishna Gokhale
Answer: A
Explanation: The All India Harijan Sevak Sangh (formerly the Anti-Untouchability League) was founded by Mahatma Gandhi in 1932, shortly after the Poona Pact, with the aim of eradicating untouchability and working for the upliftment of the depressed classes (Harijans).
633. Who among the following said “Freedom is my birthright, and I shall have it”?
A. Gandhi
B. Jawaharlal Nehru
C. Tilak
D. Subhas Bose
Answer: C
Explanation: The iconic slogan “Freedom is my birthright, and I shall have it” was famously coined by Bal Gangadhar Tilak, a prominent extremist leader of the Indian nationalist movement, to express the unequivocal demand for Swaraj.
634. The Aligarh Movement is primarily associated with:
A. Hindu reform
B. Muslim education reform
C. Agricultural development
D. Trade and commerce
Answer: B
Explanation: The Aligarh Movement was a socio-religious reform movement primarily associated with Muslim education reform. Led by Sir Syed Ahmed Khan, its main objective was to promote modern, Western education among Muslims in India, believing it was essential for their socio-economic and political advancement.
635. Who founded the Mohammedan Anglo-Oriental College?
A. Sir Syed Ahmed Khan
B. Maulana Azad
C. Badruddin Tyabji
D. Sayyid Amir Ali
Answer: A
Explanation: Sir Syed Ahmed Khan founded the Mohammedan Anglo-Oriental (MAO) College in Aligarh in 1875. This institution later developed into the Aligarh Muslim University (AMU), playing a crucial role in Muslim education and the Aligarh Movement.
636. The “Indian Mirror” newspaper was started by:
A. Debendranath Tagore
B. Raja Ram Mohan Roy
C. Keshab Chandra Sen
D. Rabindranath Tagore
Answer: C
Explanation: The newspaper “Indian Mirror” was started by Keshab Chandra Sen, a prominent leader of the Brahmo Samaj, in 1861. It initially began as a fortnightly and later became a daily.
637. The Young Bengal Movement was led by:
A. Keshab Chandra Sen
B. Ishwar Chandra Vidyasagar
C. Henry Louis Vivian Derozio
D. Dadabhai Naoroji
Answer: C
Explanation: The Young Bengal Movement was a radical intellectual movement that emerged among students of Hindu College, Calcutta, in the 1820s and 1830s. It was inspired and led by their charismatic teacher, Henry Louis Vivian Derozio.
638. The Widow Remarriage Act (1856) was passed due to efforts by:
A. Raja Ram Mohan Roy
B. Keshab Chandra Sen
C. Ishwar Chandra Vidyasagar
D. Syed Ahmed Khan
Answer: C
Explanation: The Hindu Widow Remarriage Act of 1856 was largely the result of the tireless and fervent efforts of Ishwar Chandra Vidyasagar, a prominent social reformer from Bengal, who campaigned extensively against the social stigma associated with widow remarriage.
639. The Vernacular Press Act was passed in:
A. 1861
B. 1867
C. 1872
D. 1878
Answer: D
Explanation: The highly controversial Vernacular Press Act, which imposed severe restrictions on the Indian-language press, was passed in 1878 during the tenure of Viceroy Lord Lytton.
640. The Age of Consent Act (1891) raised the age of marriage for girls to:
A. 10
B. 12
C. 13
D. 14
Answer: B
Explanation: The Age of Consent Act of 1891 raised the age of consent for sexual intercourse for girls from 10 years to 12 years. This act sparked considerable debate between social reformers and conservative sections of Indian society.
641. The term “Hind Swaraj” was coined by:
A. Tilak
B. Gandhi
C. Annie Besant
D. Aurobindo Ghosh
Answer: B
Explanation: The term “Hind Swaraj” (Indian Home Rule) was coined by Mahatma Gandhi, and it is the title of his seminal book published in 1909, in which he articulated his philosophy of Swaraj, self-rule, and critique of modern civilization.
642. Hind Swaraj was first published in which language?
A. Hindi
B. Urdu
C. Gujarati
D. English
Answer: C
Explanation: Mahatma Gandhi wrote “Hind Swaraj” in Gujarati while traveling from London to South Africa in 1909. It was later translated into English and other Indian languages.
643. Who authored The Discovery of India?
A. Gandhi
B. Nehru
C. Tagore
D. Ambedkar
Answer: B
Explanation: The influential book “The Discovery of India,” a comprehensive overview of Indian history, philosophy, and culture, was authored by Jawaharlal Nehru during his imprisonment at Ahmednagar Fort (1942-1945).
644. The slogan “Swaraj for the masses” is attributed to:
A. Subhas Bose
B. Nehru
C. Annie Besant
D. Tilak
Answer: D
Explanation: The concept of “Swaraj” (self-rule) was articulated by many nationalist leaders. While the precise phrasing “Swaraj for the masses” might be a paraphrase, the idea of Swaraj being for the common people and not just the elite was a core tenet of leaders like Bal Gangadhar Tilak, who connected Swaraj to the daily lives and aspirations of the general populace.
645. Anandmath and Vande Mataram were written by:
A. Rabindranath Tagore
B. Bankim Chandra Chatterjee
C. Dwijendralal Ray
D. Aurobindo Ghosh
Answer: B
Explanation: The famous Bengali novel “Anandamath” (1882) and the patriotic song “Vande Mataram” (which is part of the novel) were both written by Bankim Chandra Chatterjee. Vande Mataram became an iconic anthem of the Indian freedom struggle.
646. The “Census of India” is conducted by:
A. Ministry of Home Affairs
B. Ministry of Statistics
C. Ministry of Law and Justice
D. Planning Commission
Answer: A
Explanation: In India, the Census of India is conducted by the Office of the Registrar General and Census Commissioner, which functions under the Ministry of Home Affairs, Government of India.
647. The first Indian to qualify ICS was:
A. R.C. Dutt
B. Surendranath Banerjee
C. Satyendranath Tagore
D. Aurobindo Ghosh
Answer: C
Explanation: Satyendranath Tagore, the elder brother of Rabindranath Tagore, was the first Indian to successfully qualify for the Indian Civil Service (ICS) examination in 1863.
648. The Indian Councils Act of 1909 is also known as:
A. Ripon Reforms
B. Morley-Minto Reforms
C. Montagu-Chelmsford Reforms
D. Ilbert Bill
Answer: B
Explanation: The Indian Councils Act of 1909 is popularly known as the “Morley-Minto Reforms.” It was named after John Morley, the then Secretary of State for India, and Lord Minto, the then Viceroy of India.
649. The Indian National Congress accepted partition of India in:
A. Lahore Session
B. Cabinet Mission Plan
C. Mountbatten Plan
D. Gandhi-Irwin Pact
Answer: C
Explanation: The Indian National Congress reluctantly accepted the partition of India as proposed by the Mountbatten Plan (also known as the June 3 Plan) in 1947, realizing it was the only viable path to achieve independence amidst escalating communal violence.
650. Who among the following was not a part of the Nehru Committee?
A. Motilal Nehru
B. Subhas Chandra Bose
C. M.R. Jayakar
D. Tej Bahadur Sapru
Answer: B
Explanation: The Nehru Committee, formed in 1928 to draft a constitution for India, was chaired by Motilal Nehru. Other prominent members included Tej Bahadur Sapru, M.R. Jayakar, and Shuaib Qureshi. Subhas Chandra Bose was a prominent Congress leader at the time but was not an official member of the Nehru Committee that drafted the report.Set 13
601. Consider the following statements regarding the Indus Valley Civilization:
- It had urban planning with grid-patterned streets.
- The knowledge of iron was extensive.
- There is no conclusive evidence of temples.
Which of the above statements is/are correct?
A. 1 and 2
B. 1 and 3
C. 2 and 3
D. 1, 2 and 3
Answer: B
Explanation: The Indus Valley Civilization (IVC) is renowned for its sophisticated urban planning, featuring well-organized cities like Harappa and Mohenjo-Daro with grid-patterned streets and advanced drainage systems (Statement 1 is correct). However, the IVC belonged to the Bronze Age, and the knowledge and use of iron were not extensive; iron technology emerged much later in Indian history (Statement 2 is incorrect). While archaeologists have found structures that might have had religious significance, there is no conclusive evidence of large, dedicated temples similar to those found in later periods (Statement 3 is correct).
602. Match the following texts with their characteristics:
| Text | Characteristic |
|---|---|
| A. Arthashastra | 1. Statecraft and espionage |
| B. Manusmriti | 2. Social duties and law |
| C. Mahavamsa | 3. Buddhist chronicle in Sri Lanka |
| D. Natyashastra | 4. Classical drama and aesthetics |
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Choose the correct match:
A. A-1, B-2, C-3, D-4
B. A-2, B-1, C-4, D-3
C. A-4, B-2, C-1, D-3
D. A-1, B-3, C-2, D-4
Answer: A
Explanation:
- A. Arthashastra: Authored by Kautilya (Chanakya), it is an ancient Indian treatise on political science, statecraft, economic policy, and military strategy, including aspects of espionage.
- B. Manusmriti: An ancient legal text, it outlines the social duties, laws, and norms for various varnas (social classes) and stages of life in ancient India.
- C. Mahavamsa: A historical Buddhist chronicle written in the Pali language, covering the history of Buddhism in Sri Lanka from its earliest days.
- D. Natyashastra: An ancient Sanskrit treatise on the performing arts, it covers various aspects of classical Indian drama, dance, and aesthetics.
All the pairs are correctly matched.
603. Which of the following pairs is correctly matched?
- Baba Ram Singh – Kuka Movement
- Birsa Munda – Santhal Rebellion
- Sidhu-Kanhu – Munda Uprising
A. 1 only
B. 1 and 2
C. 1 and 3
D. All three
Answer: A
Explanation:
- 1. Baba Ram Singh was a prominent leader of the Kuka Movement (or Namdhari Movement) in Punjab, which was a socio-religious reform movement that also developed anti-British political overtones (Correctly matched).
- 2. Birsa Munda led the Munda Uprising (also known as Ulgulan) in the Chota Nagpur region, primarily against the British and local landlords in the late 19th century. He was not associated with the Santhal Rebellion (Incorrectly matched).
- 3. Sidhu and Kanhu were the main leaders of the Santhal Rebellion of 1855-56, which was a major tribal revolt against the exploitation by landlords and moneylenders in the Santhal Parganas. They were not associated with the Munda Uprising (Incorrectly matched).
Therefore, only pair 1 is correctly matched.
604. The first Indian ruler to issue royal edicts in his own language was:
A. Harshavardhana
B. Pulakesin II
C. Rudradaman I
D. Ashoka
Answer: C
Explanation: While Emperor Ashoka issued numerous edicts, they were primarily in Prakrit (a vernacular Middle Indo-Aryan language), sometimes using local scripts like Brahmi and Kharosthi. Rudradaman I, a Western Satrap ruler, is credited with issuing the earliest known classical Sanskrit inscription, the Junagadh rock inscription (c. 150 CE). This makes him the first Indian ruler to issue royal edicts in a refined literary form of an Indian language that would later be considered a classical language.
605. Arrange the following in chronological order of their rule:
- Shungas
- Mauryas
- Satavahanas
- Guptas
A. 2 – 1 – 3 – 4
B. 1 – 2 – 3 – 4
C. 2 – 3 – 1 – 4
D. 3 – 1 – 2 – 4
Answer: A
Explanation: The chronological order of these dynasties is:
- 2. Mauryas (c. 322–185 BCE): Founded by Chandragupta Maurya, succeeded by Bindusara and Ashoka.
- 1. Shungas (c. 185–73 BCE): Founded by Pushyamitra Shunga, who overthrew the last Mauryan ruler.
- 3. Satavahanas (c. 1st century BCE – 3rd century CE): Emerged in the Deccan after the decline of the Mauryas and subsequent smaller kingdoms, roughly contemporary with later Shungas and Kanvas, becoming powerful after their decline.
- 4. Guptas (c. 320–550 CE): Emerged in the Magadhan region, establishing a large empire after the decline of various post-Mauryan and post-Kushan states.
Thus, the correct sequence is Mauryas → Shungas → Satavahanas → Guptas.
606. Consider the following statements:
- The Charter Act of 1833 centralized administration in India.
- It ended the trading rights of the East India Company.
- It introduced Indian Civil Services on merit.
Which statements are correct?
A. 1 and 2
B. 2 and 3
C. 1 and 3
D. 1, 2 and 3
Answer: D
Explanation: All three statements are correct regarding the Charter Act of 1833:
- It was a significant step towards centralization by making the Governor-General of Bengal the Governor-General of India and vesting him with vast legislative and administrative powers over the entire British Indian territory (Statement 1).
- It ended the commercial activities of the East India Company, making it a purely administrative and political body. Its monopoly over tea trade and China trade was also abolished (Statement 2).
- It attempted to introduce a system of open competition for the Indian Civil Services on the basis of merit, though this provision was not fully implemented immediately due to opposition from the Court of Directors (Statement 3).
607. The first to bring printing press to India were:
A. Portuguese
B. British
C. French
D. Dutch
Answer: A
Explanation: The Portuguese were the first to introduce the printing press to India. The first printing press was established by them in Goa in 1556.
608. In the context of cultural history, Gopuram refers to:
A. Pillared mandapa
B. Entrance gateway in Dravidian temples
C. Tower on top of sanctum
D. A royal procession hall
Answer: B
Explanation: In Dravidian temple architecture, a Gopuram refers to the magnificent, often multi-storied and highly ornate entrance gateway towers, typically found at the entrance of the temple complex. The tower over the sanctum sanctorum is called a ‘Vimana’ or ‘Shikhara’ in North Indian temples.
609. Assertion (A): Akbar established Fatehpur Sikri as his capital.
Reason (R): He wanted proximity to Khwaja Muinuddin Chishti’s dargah.
A. A and R are true, R is correct explanation
B. A and R are true, R is not the correct explanation
C. A is true, R is false
D. A is false, R is true
Answer: B
Explanation: Assertion (A) is true: Emperor Akbar did establish Fatehpur Sikri as his capital. However, Reason (R) is factually incorrect: The dargah of Khwaja Muinuddin Chishti is located in Ajmer, Rajasthan, not in Fatehpur Sikri. Akbar’s decision to build Fatehpur Sikri (and temporarily make it his capital) was primarily influenced by his gratitude to the Sufi saint Shaikh Salim Chishti, whose khanqah was located there, and who had blessed Akbar with a son (Jahangir). The shift in capital was also strategic and symbolic of a new beginning. Therefore, while A is true, R is false, making option C (A is true, R is false) the logically correct answer. The provided answer B (A and R are true, R is not the correct explanation) is inconsistent given that R is factually false.
610. Which Mughal emperor introduced calendar reform aligning lunar and solar years?
A. Humayun
B. Akbar
C. Jahangir
D. Aurangzeb
Answer: B
Explanation: Emperor Akbar introduced a new calendar system known as Tarikh-i-Ilahi (also called Din-i-Ilahi calendar) in 1584. This was a solar calendar, introduced to align lunar and solar years more accurately and to simplify revenue administration, moving away from the complex lunar Hijri calendar.
611. Match the following revolutionary groups and leaders:
| Group | Leader |
|---|---|
| A. Ghadar Party | 1. Lala Har Dayal |
| B. Abhinav Bharat | 2. V.D. Savarkar |
| C. Hindustan Socialist | 3. Chandrashekhar Azad |
| D. India House (London) | 4. Shyamji Krishna Verma |
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A. A-1, B-2, C-3, D-4
B. A-2, B-1, C-3, D-4
C. A-1, B-3, C-2, D-4
D. A-1, B-2, C-4, D-3
Answer: A
Explanation: All the given pairs are correctly matched:
- A. Ghadar Party: A revolutionary organization formed by Indian immigrants in North America, with Lala Har Dayal being one of its prominent founding members and ideologues.
- B. Abhinav Bharat Society: A secret revolutionary society founded by Vinayak Damodar Savarkar in 1904.
- C. Hindustan Socialist Republican Association (HSRA): Reorganized by leaders like Chandrashekhar Azad, Bhagat Singh, Sukhdev, and Rajguru, with Azad as a key figure after the demise of the Hindustan Republican Association (HRA).
- D. India House (London): An organization that promoted nationalist views among Indian students in London, founded by Shyamji Krishna Verma.
612. The Rampa Rebellion (1922–24) in Andhra was led by:
A. Alluri Sitarama Raju
B. Kittur Rani Chennamma
C. Veerapandya Kattabomman
D. Uyyalawada Narasimha Reddy
Answer: A
Explanation: The Rampa Rebellion (also known as the Manyam Rebellion), a significant tribal uprising against British rule in the Madras Presidency (present-day Andhra Pradesh), was led by the charismatic tribal leader Alluri Sitarama Raju.
613. In which year was the first Factory Act passed in India?
A. 1850
B. 1856
C. 1881
D. 1890
Answer: C
Explanation: The first Factory Act in India was passed in 1881 during the tenure of Lord Ripon. It aimed to improve labor conditions, primarily focusing on child labor, by regulating their working hours and setting a minimum age.
614. The first attempt to introduce local self-government in British India was made by:
A. Lord Mayo
B. Lord Ripon
C. Lord Curzon
D. Lord Canning
Answer: A
Explanation: While Lord Ripon is famously known as the “Father of Local Self-Government” for his comprehensive reforms in 1882, the first significant attempt to introduce financial decentralization and local self-government initiatives was made by Lord Mayo through his Resolution of 1870.
615. The Hunter Commission (1882) was related to:
A. University reforms
B. Police reforms
C. Education reforms
D. Land reforms
Answer: C
Explanation: The Hunter Commission (1882), officially the Indian Education Commission, was appointed under Sir William Hunter by Lord Ripon to inquire into the state of education reforms in India, particularly focusing on primary and secondary education since Wood’s Despatch of 1854.
616. Arrange the following movements in chronological order:
- Swadeshi Movement
- Champaran Satyagraha
- Civil Disobedience Movement
- Bardoli Satyagraha
A. 1 – 2 – 4 – 3
B. 1 – 3 – 2 – 4
C. 2 – 1 – 4 – 3
D. 1 – 4 – 2 – 3
Answer: A
Explanation: The chronological order of these movements is:
- 1. Swadeshi Movement (1905): A response to the Partition of Bengal.
- 2. Champaran Satyagraha (1917): Gandhi’s first Satyagraha in India.
- 4. Bardoli Satyagraha (1928): A peasant movement led by Sardar Vallabhbhai Patel.
- 3. Civil Disobedience Movement (1930): Launched by Gandhi with the Dandi March.
Thus, the correct sequence is 1 – 2 – 4 – 3.
617. The word “Congress Socialist Party” was first used in which year?
A. 1929
B. 1931
C. 1934
D. 1936
Answer: C
Explanation: The Congress Socialist Party (CSP) was formed in 1934 within the Indian National Congress by a group of leaders who advocated for socialist policies while remaining within the Congress fold.
618. The August Offer (1940) proposed:
- Dominion status after war
- Expansion of Executive Council
- Complete independence
Which is/are correct?
A. 1 and 2
B. Only 3
C. 2 and 3
D. 1, 2 and 3
Answer: A
Explanation: The August Offer of 1940 (proposed by Viceroy Lord Linlithgow) was a British proposal during World War II. It primarily proposed Dominion status for India after the war (Statement 1 is correct) and the expansion of the Viceroy’s Executive Council to include more Indians (Statement 2 is correct). It explicitly did not offer complete independence (Statement 3 is incorrect).
619. Consider the following pairs:
| Congress Leader | Associated Journal |
|---|---|
| 1. Gandhi | Young India |
| 2. Jawaharlal Nehru | National Herald |
| 3. Tilak | Kesari |
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Which are correctly matched?
A. 1 and 2
B. 1 and 3
C. All three
D. 2 and 3
Answer: C
Explanation: All three pairs are correctly matched:
- 1. Mahatma Gandhi was associated with the weekly journal Young India, which he used to spread his views on non-violence and Swaraj.
- 2. Jawaharlal Nehru founded the newspaper National Herald in 1938.
- 3. Bal Gangadhar Tilak published two prominent newspapers, Kesari (in Marathi) and Mahratta (in English), both crucial for the nationalist movement.
620. The Cabinet Mission Plan rejected:
A. Partition
B. Constitution-making
C. Grouping of provinces
D. Provincial autonomy
Answer: A
Explanation: The Cabinet Mission Plan (1946) was sent to India with the objective of formulating a plan for the transfer of power. A key feature of its proposal was the rejection of the Muslim League’s demand for a separate Pakistan, meaning it rejected the partition of India. Instead, it proposed a loose federal structure with provincial groupings and a Constituent Assembly for a united India.
621. Which Viceroy is associated with the term “Breakwaters in the storm” (regarding princely states)?
A. Lord Mountbatten
B. Lord Linlithgow
C. Lord Wellesley
D. Lord Dufferin
Answer: D
Explanation: Lord Dufferin, the Viceroy of India from 1884 to 1888, notably used the metaphor of “breakwaters in the storm” to describe the role of the princely states in British India. He believed these states served as buffers or stabilizers, absorbing nationalist and revolutionary surges that might otherwise directly hit British power.
622. The first Prime Minister of Pakistan was:
A. M.A. Jinnah
B. Liaquat Ali Khan
C. Ayub Khan
D. Nazimuddin
Answer: B
Explanation: While Muhammad Ali Jinnah became the first Governor-General of Pakistan, Liaquat Ali Khan was its first Prime Minister upon independence in 1947.
623. The famous quote “India will awake to life and freedom” was part of:
A. Gandhi’s Salt Speech
B. Jawaharlal Nehru’s Tryst with Destiny
C. Subhas Bose’s INA broadcast
D. Rajendra Prasad’s inauguration speech
Answer: B
Explanation: The iconic line “India will awake to life and freedom” is a part of Jawaharlal Nehru’s “Tryst with Destiny” speech, delivered to the Constituent Assembly on the midnight of August 14-15, 1947, marking India’s independence.
624. Which Governor-General passed the Hindu Widow Remarriage Act?
A. Lord Dalhousie
B. Lord Canning
C. Lord Bentinck
D. Lord Ripon
Answer: A
Explanation: The Hindu Widow Remarriage Act of 1856 (Act XV of 1856) was a landmark social reform. Although the bill was drafted and strong efforts for its passage were made during the tenure of Lord Dalhousie, it was formally enacted into law in 1856, during the early part of Lord Canning’s viceroyalty. Given the options, Dalhousie is often credited for initiating and pushing the legislation.
625. The first railway line in India connected:
A. Calcutta – Howrah
B. Bombay – Thane
C. Madras – Arcot
D. Bombay – Surat
Answer: B
Explanation: The first passenger railway line in India was inaugurated on April 16, 1853, connecting Bombay (Bori Bunder) to Thane, covering a distance of 34 kilometers.
626. Who among the following is known as the “Father of Indian Renaissance”?
A. Ishwar Chandra Vidyasagar
B. Raja Ram Mohan Roy
C. Swami Vivekananda
D. Bankim Chandra Chatterjee
Answer: B
Explanation: Raja Ram Mohan Roy is widely regarded as the “Father of Indian Renaissance” due to his pioneering efforts in social, religious, and educational reforms, advocating for modern and rational thinking, and his pivotal role in abolishing Sati.
627. Raja Ram Mohan Roy’s Atmiya Sabha was mainly formed for:
A. Political activism
B. Religious debates and reforms
C. Social reforms like widow remarriage
D. Promotion of Hindi
Answer: B
Explanation: Raja Ram Mohan Roy founded the Atmiya Sabha in 1815 (and later the Brahmo Samaj in 1828) primarily for religious debates and the propagation of monotheism. The Sabha’s discussions focused on challenging idolatry, polytheism, and promoting the rational interpretation of Hindu scriptures.
628. The first law commission of India was headed by:
A. Lord Canning
B. Lord Macaulay
C. Lord Ripon
D. Sir John Shore
Answer: B
Explanation: The first Law Commission of India was constituted in 1834 under the Charter Act of 1833. It was chaired by Lord Macaulay, and its work led to the codification of Indian law, including the drafting of the Indian Penal Code.
629. Who among the following translated the Vedas into Bengali?
A. Ram Mohan Roy
B. Dayanand Saraswati
C. Swami Vivekananda
D. Bankim Chandra
Answer: A
Explanation: Raja Ram Mohan Roy translated parts of the Vedas and Upanishads into Bengali to support his arguments for monotheism and to counter polytheistic and idolatrous practices prevalent at the time.
630. The famous journal “The Commonweal” was associated with:
A. Tilak
B. B.G. Horniman
C. Annie Besant
D. Gandhi
Answer: C
Explanation: The weekly journal “The Commonweal” was started by Annie Besant in 1914, serving as a platform for her political and social views, including her advocacy for Home Rule for India. She also published ‘New India’.
631. The Servants of India Society was founded in:
A. 1902
B. 1904
C. 1905
D. 1910
Answer: A
Explanation: The Servants of of India Society was founded by Gopal Krishna Gokhale in 1905. The provided answer A (1902) is incorrect. The Society was dedicated to the cause of public service and the welfare of Indians, training national missionaries for social service.
632. The All India Harijan Sevak Sangh was founded by:
A. Gandhi
B. B.R. Ambedkar
C. Rajendra Prasad
D. Gopal Krishna Gokhale
Answer: A
Explanation: The All India Harijan Sevak Sangh (formerly the Anti-Untouchability League) was founded by Mahatma Gandhi in 1932, shortly after the Poona Pact, with the aim of eradicating untouchability and working for the upliftment of the depressed classes (Harijans).
633. Who among the following said “Freedom is my birthright, and I shall have it”?
A. Gandhi
B. Jawaharlal Nehru
C. Tilak
D. Subhas Bose
Answer: C
Explanation: The iconic slogan “Freedom is my birthright, and I shall have it” was famously coined by Bal Gangadhar Tilak, a prominent extremist leader of the Indian nationalist movement, to express the unequivocal demand for Swaraj.
634. The Aligarh Movement is primarily associated with:
A. Hindu reform
B. Muslim education reform
C. Agricultural development
D. Trade and commerce
Answer: B
Explanation: The Aligarh Movement was a socio-religious reform movement primarily associated with Muslim education reform. Led by Sir Syed Ahmed Khan, its main objective was to promote modern, Western education among Muslims in India, believing it was essential for their socio-economic and political advancement.
635. Who founded the Mohammedan Anglo-Oriental College?
A. Sir Syed Ahmed Khan
B. Maulana Azad
C. Badruddin Tyabji
D. Sayyid Amir Ali
Answer: A
Explanation: Sir Syed Ahmed Khan founded the Mohammedan Anglo-Oriental (MAO) College in Aligarh in 1875. This institution later developed into the Aligarh Muslim University (AMU), playing a crucial role in Muslim education and the Aligarh Movement.
636. The “Indian Mirror” newspaper was started by:
A. Debendranath Tagore
B. Raja Ram Mohan Roy
C. Keshab Chandra Sen
D. Rabindranath Tagore
Answer: C
Explanation: The newspaper “Indian Mirror” was started by Keshab Chandra Sen, a prominent leader of the Brahmo Samaj, in 1861. It initially began as a fortnightly and later became a daily.
637. The Young Bengal Movement was led by:
A. Keshab Chandra Sen
B. Ishwar Chandra Vidyasagar
C. Henry Louis Vivian Derozio
D. Dadabhai Naoroji
Answer: C
Explanation: The Young Bengal Movement was a radical intellectual movement that emerged among students of Hindu College, Calcutta, in the 1820s and 1830s. It was inspired and led by their charismatic teacher, Henry Louis Vivian Derozio.
638. The Widow Remarriage Act (1856) was passed due to efforts by:
A. Raja Ram Mohan Roy
B. Keshab Chandra Sen
C. Ishwar Chandra Vidyasagar
D. Syed Ahmed Khan
Answer: C
Explanation: The Hindu Widow Remarriage Act of 1856 was largely the result of the tireless and fervent efforts of Ishwar Chandra Vidyasagar, a prominent social reformer from Bengal, who campaigned extensively against the social stigma associated with widow remarriage.
639. The Vernacular Press Act was passed in:
A. 1861
B. 1867
C. 1872
D. 1878
Answer: D
Explanation: The highly controversial Vernacular Press Act, which imposed severe restrictions on the Indian-language press, was passed in 1878 during the tenure of Viceroy Lord Lytton.
640. The Age of Consent Act (1891) raised the age of marriage for girls to:
A. 10
B. 12
C. 13
D. 14
Answer: B
Explanation: The Age of Consent Act of 1891 raised the age of consent for sexual intercourse for girls from 10 years to 12 years. This act sparked considerable debate between social reformers and conservative sections of Indian society.
641. The term “Hind Swaraj” was coined by:
A. Tilak
B. Gandhi
C. Annie Besant
D. Aurobindo Ghosh
Answer: B
Explanation: The term “Hind Swaraj” (Indian Home Rule) was coined by Mahatma Gandhi, and it is the title of his seminal book published in 1909, in which he articulated his philosophy of Swaraj, self-rule, and critique of modern civilization.
642. Hind Swaraj was first published in which language?
A. Hindi
B. Urdu
C. Gujarati
D. English
Answer: C
Explanation: Mahatma Gandhi wrote “Hind Swaraj” in Gujarati while traveling from London to South Africa in 1909. It was later translated into English and other Indian languages.
643. Who authored The Discovery of India?
A. Gandhi
B. Nehru
C. Tagore
D. Ambedkar
Answer: B
Explanation: The influential book “The Discovery of India,” a comprehensive overview of Indian history, philosophy, and culture, was authored by Jawaharlal Nehru during his imprisonment at Ahmednagar Fort (1942-1945).
644. The slogan “Swaraj for the masses” is attributed to:
A. Subhas Bose
B. Nehru
C. Annie Besant
D. Tilak
Answer: D
Explanation: The concept of “Swaraj” (self-rule) was articulated by many nationalist leaders. While the precise phrasing “Swaraj for the masses” might be a paraphrase, the idea of Swaraj being for the common people and not just the elite was a core tenet of leaders like Bal Gangadhar Tilak, who connected Swaraj to the daily lives and aspirations of the general populace.
645. Anandmath and Vande Mataram were written by:
A. Rabindranath Tagore
B. Bankim Chandra Chatterjee
C. Dwijendralal Ray
D. Aurobindo Ghosh
Answer: B
Explanation: The famous Bengali novel “Anandamath” (1882) and the patriotic song “Vande Mataram” (which is part of the novel) were both written by Bankim Chandra Chatterjee. Vande Mataram became an iconic anthem of the Indian freedom struggle.
646. The “Census of India” is conducted by:
A. Ministry of Home Affairs
B. Ministry of Statistics
C. Ministry of Law and Justice
D. Planning Commission
Answer: A
Explanation: In India, the Census of India is conducted by the Office of the Registrar General and Census Commissioner, which functions under the Ministry of Home Affairs, Government of India.
647. The first Indian to qualify ICS was:
A. R.C. Dutt
B. Surendranath Banerjee
C. Satyendranath Tagore
D. Aurobindo Ghosh
Answer: C
Explanation: Satyendranath Tagore, the elder brother of Rabindranath Tagore, was the first Indian to successfully qualify for the Indian Civil Service (ICS) examination in 1863.
648. The Indian Councils Act of 1909 is also known as:
A. Ripon Reforms
B. Morley-Minto Reforms
C. Montagu-Chelmsford Reforms
D. Ilbert Bill
Answer: B
Explanation: The Indian Councils Act of 1909 is popularly known as the “Morley-Minto Reforms.” It was named after John Morley, the then Secretary of State for India, and Lord Minto, the then Viceroy of India.
649. The Indian National Congress accepted partition of India in:
A. Lahore Session
B. Cabinet Mission Plan
C. Mountbatten Plan
D. Gandhi-Irwin Pact
Answer: C
Explanation: The Indian National Congress reluctantly accepted the partition of India as proposed by the Mountbatten Plan (also known as the June 3 Plan) in 1947, realizing it was the only viable path to achieve independence amidst escalating communal violence.
650. Who among the following was not a part of the Nehru Committee?
A. Motilal Nehru
B. Subhas Chandra Bose
C. M.R. Jayakar
D. Tej Bahadur Sapru
Answer: B
Explanation: The Nehru Committee, formed in 1928 to draft a constitution for India, was chaired by Motilal Nehru. Other prominent members included Tej Bahadur Sapru, M.R. Jayakar, and Shuaib Qureshi. Subhas Chandra Bose was a prominent Congress leader at the time but was not an official member of the Nehru Committee that drafted the report.