1. The oldest oil refinery in India is located at:
(A) Digboi
(B) Haldia
(C) Vadodara
(D) Mathura
✅ Ans: (A) Digboi
Explanation: Digboi in Assam hosts India’s oldest oil refinery, established in 1901, known as the birthplace of the Indian oil industry. Geography of India by Majid Husain highlights its historical significance in Assam’s oil-rich region.
2. The city located on the banks of river Yamuna is:
(A) Kanpur
(B) Allahabad
(C) Agra
(D) Varanasi
✅ Ans: (C) Agra
Explanation: Agra, home to the Taj Mahal, is situated on the Yamuna River. Geography of India notes that the Yamuna flows through several northern cities, with Agra being a key cultural center.
3. The boundary line between India and China is called:
(A) Radcliffe Line
(B) McMahon Line
(C) Durand Line
(D) Palk Line
✅ Ans: (B) McMahon Line
Explanation: The McMahon Line, established in 1914, defines the border between India and China, primarily in Arunachal Pradesh. Geography of India discusses its geopolitical significance and disputes.
4. Which Indian river is known as ‘Dakshina Ganga’?
(A) Godavari
(B) Krishna
(C) Mahanadi
(D) Cauvery
✅ Ans: (A) Godavari
Explanation: The Godavari is called ‘Dakshina Ganga’ due to its length (~1,465 km) and cultural importance in South India. Geography of India emphasizes its role in peninsular agriculture.
5. In India, the largest producer of groundnut is:
(A) Tamil Nadu
(B) Gujarat
(C) Maharashtra
(D) Andhra Pradesh
✅ Ans: (B) Gujarat
Explanation: Gujarat leads in groundnut production due to its suitable climate and black soils. Geography of India highlights its agricultural dominance in oilseeds.
6. Sardar Sarovar Dam is built on which river?
(A) Krishna
(B) Narmada
(C) Tapi
(D) Mahi
✅ Ans: (B) Narmada
Explanation: The Sardar Sarovar Dam, a major multipurpose project, is on the Narmada River in Gujarat, vital for irrigation and power. Geography of India details its regional impact.
7. Which of the following is NOT a nuclear power station?
(A) Rawatbhata
(B) Kalpakkam
(C) Tarapur
(D) Bokaro
✅ Ans: (D) Bokaro
Explanation: Bokaro is known for its steel plant, not a nuclear power station, unlike Rawatbhata, Kalpakkam, and Tarapur. Geography of India lists India’s nuclear facilities.
8. The ‘Pass’ that connects Srinagar to Leh is:
(A) Rohtang Pass
(B) Zojila Pass
(C) Nathu La
(D) Karakoram Pass
✅ Ans: (B) Zojila Pass
Explanation: Zojila Pass in the Himalayas connects Srinagar to Leh, critical for Ladakh’s accessibility. Geography of India notes its strategic and logistical importance.
9. Which of the following Indian states has the longest coastline?
(A) Maharashtra
(B) Tamil Nadu
(C) Gujarat
(D) Andhra Pradesh
✅ Ans: (C) Gujarat
Explanation: Gujarat has India’s longest coastline (~1,600 km), supporting major ports like Kandla. Geography of India emphasizes its maritime economy.
10. Duncan Passage separates:
(A) South Andaman and Little Andaman
(B) North Andaman and South Andaman
(C) Little Andaman and Nicobar
(D) Middle Andaman and Great Nicobar
✅ Ans: (A) South Andaman and Little Andaman
Explanation: Duncan Passage lies between South Andaman and Little Andaman in the Andaman and Nicobar Islands. Geography of India clarifies its geographical significance.
11. What is the name of the cold desert in India?
(A) Leh
(B) Rann of Kutch
(C) Spiti
(D) Ladakh
✅ Ans: (D) Ladakh
Explanation: Ladakh is India’s cold desert, characterized by arid conditions and extreme temperatures. Geography of India describes its high-altitude desert landscape.
12. The term “Ganga Delta” refers to the:
(A) Sunderban region
(B) Doab region
(C) Bhabar region
(D) Terai region
✅ Ans: (A) Sunderban region
Explanation: The Ganga Delta, also known as the Sunderban Delta, is formed by the Ganga and Brahmaputra rivers, famous for mangroves. Geography of India highlights its ecological richness.
13. Which state of India is the largest producer of coal?
(A) Chhattisgarh
(B) Odisha
(C) Jharkhand
(D) West Bengal
✅ Ans: (C) Jharkhand
Explanation: Jharkhand, with major coalfields like Jharia, leads in coal production. Geography of India notes its mineral-rich Chotanagpur Plateau.
14. Bhakra Nangal Dam is constructed across the river:
(A) Beas
(B) Sutlej
(C) Ravi
(D) Jhelum
✅ Ans: (B) Sutlej
Explanation: Bhakra Nangal Dam, one of India’s largest, is on the Sutlej River in Himachal Pradesh, vital for power and irrigation. Geography of India details its multipurpose role.
15. Largest producer of mica in India is:
(A) Jharkhand
(B) Rajasthan
(C) Odisha
(D) Andhra Pradesh
✅ Ans: (A) Jharkhand
Explanation: Jharkhand, particularly the Koderma region, is India’s leading mica producer. Geography of India emphasizes its mineral wealth.
16. The term “Karewa” is associated with:
(A) Himalayas
(B) Western Ghats
(C) Deccan Plateau
(D) Kashmir Valley
✅ Ans: (D) Kashmir Valley
Explanation: Karewas are flat-topped plateaus in the Kashmir Valley, formed from lacustrine deposits, ideal for saffron cultivation. Geography of India explains their geological origin.
17. ‘Kharif crops’ are sown in:
(A) Winter
(B) Summer
(C) Monsoon
(D) Spring
✅ Ans: (C) Monsoon
Explanation: Kharif crops (e.g., rice, maize) are sown during the monsoon (June-July) and harvested in autumn. Geography of India contrasts them with Rabi crops.
18. The largest producer of bauxite in India is:
(A) Odisha
(B) Jharkhand
(C) Maharashtra
(D) Gujarat
✅ Ans: (A) Odisha
Explanation: Odisha leads in bauxite production, with major deposits in Koraput and Kalahandi. Geography of India highlights its role in aluminum industries.
19. The only river of Rajasthan that flows into Pakistan is:
(A) Luni
(B) Banas
(C) Ghaggar
(D) Chambal
✅ Ans: (A) Luni
Explanation: The Luni River, a seasonal river, flows from Rajasthan into Pakistan’s Rann of Kutch. Geography of India notes its saline nature.
20. Which city is located on the bank of the river Musi?
(A) Hyderabad
(B) Bengaluru
(C) Vijayawada
(D) Warangal
✅ Ans: (A) Hyderabad
Explanation: Hyderabad, the capital of Telangana, lies on the Musi River. Geography of India describes its urban and historical significance.
21. The Andaman and Nicobar Islands are separated by:
(A) 10° Channel
(B) 9° Channel
(C) Duncan Channel
(D) Coco Channel
✅ Ans: (A) 10° Channel
Explanation: The 10° Channel separates the Andaman Islands from the Nicobar Islands, named after the 10° latitude. Geography of India details its geographical role.
22. The Radcliffe Line is the boundary between:
(A) India and Nepal
(B) India and Pakistan
(C) India and China
(D) India and Bangladesh
✅ Ans: (B) India and Pakistan
Explanation: The Radcliffe Line, drawn in 1947, defines the India-Pakistan border. Geography of India notes its historical and political context.
23. “Mawsynram” receives the highest average annual rainfall and is located in:
(A) Arunachal Pradesh
(B) Meghalaya
(C) Assam
(D) Nagaland
✅ Ans: (B) Meghalaya
Explanation: Mawsynram in Meghalaya receives the world’s highest rainfall (~11,872 mm annually) due to its location in the Khasi Hills. Geography of India explains its monsoon dynamics.
24. River Teesta is a tributary of:
(A) Ganga
(B) Brahmaputra
(C) Yamuna
(D) Sutlej
✅ Ans: (B) Brahmaputra
Explanation: The Teesta, originating in Sikkim, is a major tributary of the Brahmaputra, joining it in Bangladesh. Geography of India details its hydropower potential.
25. The origin of the Krishna River is near:
(A) Mahabaleshwar
(B) Panchgani
(C) Nasik
(D) Matheran
✅ Ans: (A) Mahabaleshwar
Explanation: The Krishna River originates near Mahabaleshwar in the Western Ghats, Maharashtra. Geography of India traces its eastward flow to the Bay of Bengal.
26. Which is the longest river in Peninsular India?
(A) Narmada
(B) Krishna
(C) Godavari
(D) Mahanadi
✅ Ans: (C) Godavari
Explanation: The Godavari (~1,465 km) is the longest peninsular river, flowing through multiple states. Geography of India highlights its extensive drainage basin.
27. The Indus River originates from:
(A) Mount Everest
(B) Mount Kailash
(C) Manasarovar
(D) Zaskar Range
✅ Ans: (B) Mount Kailash
Explanation: The Indus originates near Mount Kailash in Tibet, flowing through Ladakh. Geography of India notes its transboundary significance.
28. The Bhagirathi and Alaknanda meet at:
(A) Rudraprayag
(B) Devprayag
(C) Karnaprayag
(D) Vishnuprayag
✅ Ans: (B) Devprayag
Explanation: The Bhagirathi and Alaknanda converge at Devprayag to form the Ganga. Geography of India describes this sacred confluence in Uttarakhand.
29. Which of the following rivers flows through a rift valley?
(A) Yamuna
(B) Ganga
(C) Krishna
(D) Narmada
✅ Ans: (D) Narmada
Explanation: The Narmada flows through a rift valley between the Vindhya and Satpura ranges, forming an estuary. Geography of India contrasts its unique geology.
30. The southernmost point of the Indian mainland is:
(A) Indira Point
(B) Kanyakumari
(C) Rameswaram
(D) Cape Comorin
✅ Ans: (B) Kanyakumari
Explanation: Kanyakumari is the southernmost point of mainland India, while Indira Point is in the Nicobar Islands. Geography of India clarifies its geographical position.
31. Which city is called “Queen of the Arabian Sea”?
(A) Kochi
(B) Mumbai
(C) Panaji
(D) Mangalore
✅ Ans: (A) Kochi
Explanation: Kochi, a major port city in Kerala, is known as the “Queen of the Arabian Sea” for its coastal trade. Geography of India highlights its maritime heritage.
32. Hirakud Dam is built on which river?
(A) Mahanadi
(B) Godavari
(C) Krishna
(D) Narmada
✅ Ans: (A) Mahanadi
Explanation: Hirakud Dam, one of India’s longest, is on the Mahanadi River in Odisha, aiding irrigation and flood control. Geography of India details its significance.
33. The port of Kolkata is located on which river?
(A) Ganga
(B) Brahmaputra
(C) Hooghly
(D) Mahanadi
✅ Ans: (C) Hooghly
Explanation: Kolkata’s port is on the Hooghly River, a distributary of the Ganga. Geography of India notes its importance for trade and navigation.
34. Which river is called “Bengal’s sorrow”?
(A) Teesta
(B) Kosi
(C) Damodar
(D) Ganga
✅ Ans: (C) Damodar
Explanation: The Damodar River, due to frequent flooding, is called “Bengal’s sorrow.” Geography of India discusses its management through the Damodar Valley Corporation.
35. Which of the following is a lagoon lake?
(A) Chilika
(B) Wular
(C) Sambhar
(D) Pulicat
✅ Ans: (A) Chilika
Explanation: Chilika Lake in Odisha is India’s largest lagoon lake, a Ramsar site for migratory birds. Geography of India highlights its brackish water ecosystem.
36. The deepest point in the ocean is:
(A) Mariana Trench
(B) Tonga Trench
(C) Puerto Rico Trench
(D) Sunda Trench
✅ Ans: (A) Mariana Trench
Explanation: The Mariana Trench (~11,000 m) in the Pacific Ocean is the deepest point on Earth. World Geography describes its subduction zone geology.
37. The river Ganga enters Bangladesh as:
(A) Jamuna
(B) Padma
(C) Meghna
(D) Brahmaputra
✅ Ans: (B) Padma
Explanation: The Ganga becomes the Padma River upon entering Bangladesh, later joining the Meghna. Geography of India traces its transboundary flow.
38. The ‘Valley of Flowers’ is located in:
(A) Himachal Pradesh
(B) Uttarakhand
(C) Sikkim
(D) Arunachal Pradesh
✅ Ans: (B) Uttarakhand
Explanation: The Valley of Flowers, a UNESCO World Heritage Site, is in Uttarakhand, known for its alpine flora. Geography of India highlights its biodiversity.
39. Which plateau is known as the “Deccan Trap”?
(A) Malwa Plateau
(B) Chotanagpur Plateau
(C) Deccan Plateau
(D) Baghelkhand Plateau
✅ Ans: (C) Deccan Plateau
Explanation: The Deccan Plateau, formed by basaltic lava flows, is called the Deccan Trap. Geography of India explains its volcanic origin and black soil.
40. The ‘Pamban Bridge’ connects:
(A) Rameswaram with Sri Lanka
(B) Rameswaram with mainland India
(C) Dhanushkodi with Sri Lanka
(D) Kanyakumari with Rameswaram
✅ Ans: (B) Rameswaram with mainland India
Explanation: The Pamban Bridge connects Rameswaram Island to mainland India across the Palk Strait. Geography of India notes its engineering significance.
41. The Damodar river is a tributary of:
(A) Ganga
(B) Yamuna
(C) Mahanadi
(D) Brahmaputra
✅ Ans: (A) Ganga
Explanation: The Damodar is a major tributary of the Ganga, joining the Hooghly in West Bengal. Geography of India details its industrial importance.
42. The southernmost part of India is:
(A) Kanyakumari
(B) Indira Point
(C) Minicoy
(D) Great Nicobar
✅ Ans: (B) Indira Point
Explanation: Indira Point in the Nicobar Islands is India’s southernmost point, while Kanyakumari is the mainland’s southernmost tip. Geography of India clarifies this distinction.
43. Which region in India is called the “Water Tower of India”?
(A) Eastern Ghats
(B) Western Ghats
(C) Himalayas
(D) Indo-Gangetic Plain
✅ Ans: (C) Himalayas
Explanation: The Himalayas, with their glaciers and rivers, are India’s “Water Tower,” feeding major river systems. Geography of India emphasizes their hydrological role.
44. Which of the following crops is associated with shifting cultivation?
(A) Sugarcane
(B) Paddy
(C) Maize
(D) Jhum
✅ Ans: (D) Jhum
Explanation: Jhum is a form of shifting cultivation practiced in Northeast India, involving crops like maize and millets. Geography of India discusses its tribal significance.
45. Which state is the leading producer of jute in India?
(A) West Bengal
(B) Bihar
(C) Assam
(D) Odisha
✅ Ans: (A) West Bengal
Explanation: West Bengal dominates jute production due to its fertile Gangetic plains and monsoon climate. Geography of India notes its economic importance.
46. Which of the following is not a tributary of the Ganga?
(A) Yamuna
(B) Kosi
(C) Son
(D) Narmada
✅ Ans: (D) Narmada
Explanation: The Narmada is a peninsular river flowing into the Arabian Sea, not a Ganga tributary. Geography of India contrasts Himalayan and peninsular rivers.
47. Which island group lies to the west of the Indian mainland?
(A) Andaman
(B) Nicobar
(C) Lakshadweep
(D) Maldives
✅ Ans: (C) Lakshadweep
Explanation: Lakshadweep, a group of coral islands, lies west of India in the Arabian Sea. Geography of India describes its ecological fragility.
48. The place located at the confluence of the Alaknanda and Bhagirathi is:
(A) Rudraprayag
(B) Devprayag
(C) Karnaprayag
(D) Vishnuprayag
✅ Ans: (B) Devprayag
Explanation: Devprayag is the confluence where the Alaknanda and Bhagirathi form the Ganga. Geography of India highlights its religious significance.
49. Which mountain pass connects Srinagar to Leh?
(A) Rohtang Pass
(B) Banihal Pass
(C) Zojila Pass
(D) Shipki La
✅ Ans: (C) Zojila Pass
Explanation: Zojila Pass is the key route connecting Srinagar to Leh, often closed in winter due to snow. Geography of India notes its strategic importance.
50. India shares the longest land boundary with which country?
(A) China
(B) Pakistan
(C) Nepal
(D) Bangladesh
✅ Ans: (D) Bangladesh
Explanation: India shares its longest land border (~4,096 km) with Bangladesh, followed by China and Pakistan. Geography of India details its geopolitical boundaries.